Orientalism

Example:Some Indian scholars have critiqued Occidentalism to counteract the Eurocentric views prevalent in the study of Indian history and culture.

Definition:A concept similar to Orientalism but focusing on the way Easterners have viewed the West and have been affected by Western culture and colonialism.

Example:Universalism seeks to overcome cultural biases and promote a shared understanding among different peoples.

Definition:The belief that human cultures and achievements are homogeneous and that all humanity shares a common culture and destiny.